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README.md
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README.md
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# EGM - 输电线路绕击跳闸率计算程序
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基于电气几何模型（Electro-Geometric Model, EGM）的架空输电线路雷电防护性能计算工具，用于评估输电线路的绕击跳闸率。
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## 功能特点
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- 支持单回和双回输电线路的绕击跳闸率计算
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- 考虑工作电压对雷电击距的影响
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- 支持地面倾角参数
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- 支持自定义地闪密度和雷电流概率密度曲线
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- 支持交流/直流线路计算
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- 输出CAD图形（DXF格式）可视化击距模型
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- 提供动画演示模式（可选项）
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## 安装
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### 环境要求
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- Python >= 3.12
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### 安装依赖
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```bash
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# 使用 uv（推荐）
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uv sync
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# 或使用 pip
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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### 依赖包
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- ezdxf - DXF文件生成
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- loguru - 日志记录
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- matplotlib - 数据可视化和动画
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- numpy - 数值计算
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- tomli - TOML配置文件解析
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## 使用方法
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### 基本使用
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```bash
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# 使用默认配置文件
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python main.py
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# 指定配置文件
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python main.py <配置文件路径>.toml
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```
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### 批量计算
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批量计算不同保护角下的跳闸率：
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```bash
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python main-batch.py <配置文件路径>.toml
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```
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结果将输出到 `r.txt` 文件中。
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### 打包为可执行文件
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使用 Makefile 打包：
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```bash
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make
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```
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生成的可执行文件位于 `dist/Lightening.exe`
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## 配置文件格式
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配置文件使用 TOML 格式，包含三个主要部分：
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### [parameter] - 基本参数
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```toml
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[parameter]
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rated_voltage = 750 # 额定电压等级 (kV)
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h_c_sag = 14.43 # 导线弧垂 (m)
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h_g_sag = 11.67 # 地线弧垂 (m)
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insulator_c_len = 7.02 # 导线串子绝缘长度 (m)
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string_c_len = 9.2 # 导线串长 (m)
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string_g_len = 0.5 # 地线串长 (m)
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h_arm = [150, 130] # 导、地线挂点垂直距离 (m)，第一个值为地线挂点高度
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gc_x = [17.9, 17] # 导、地线水平坐标 (m)
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ground_angels = [0] # 地面倾角 (°)，向下为正，支持多个角度
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altitude = 1000 # 海拔高度 (m)
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td = 20 # 雷暴日 (d)
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```
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### [advance] - 高级参数
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```toml
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[advance]
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ng = -1 # 地闪密度 (次/(km²·a))，大于0时使用此值，否则通过雷暴日计算
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Ip_a = -1 # 雷电流概率密度曲线系数a，大于0时使用此值
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Ip_b = -1 # 雷电流概率密度曲线系数b，大于0时使用此值
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```
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注意：当 `ng` > 0 时，不会通过雷暴日计算地闪密度；当 `Ip_a` 和 `Ip_b` > 0 时，不会使用默认雷暴日对应的概率密度。
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### [optional] - 可选参数
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```toml
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[optional]
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voltage_n = 3 # 计算时电压分成多少份（考虑电压波动影响）
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max_i = 200 # 最大尝试雷电流 (kA)
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```
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## 计算原理
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### 击距模型
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程序使用基于电气几何模型的方法计算绕击跳闸率，主要涉及以下击距公式：
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1. **地线击距**：$r_s = 10 \times I^{0.65}$
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2. **导线击距**：$r_c = 1.63 \times (5.015 \times I^{0.578} - 0.001 \times U_{ph})^{1.125}$
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3. **地面击距**：
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- $h_{av} < 40m$: $r_g = (3.6 + 1.7 \ln(43 - h_{av})) \times I^{0.65}$
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- $h_{av} \ge 40m$: $r_g = 5.5 \times I^{0.65}$
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### 地闪密度计算
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根据 Q/GDW 11452-2015 导则：
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$N_g = 0.023 \times T_d^{1.3}$
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### 跳闸率计算
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通过积分暴露弧面积与雷电流概率密度的乘积得到最终跳闸率，并考虑建弧率。
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## 输出结果
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1. **控制台日志**：显示详细的计算过程和中间结果
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2. **DXF文件**：egm1.dxf、egm2.dxf 等，可视化击距模型
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3. **跳闸率结果**：单位为 次/(100km·a)
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## 项目结构
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```
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EGM/
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├── main.py # 主程序入口
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├── main-batch.py # 批量计算程序
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├── core.py # 核心计算模块
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├── animation.py # 动画演示模块
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├── article.toml # 示例配置文件
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├── Makefile # 构建脚本
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├── pyproject.toml # 项目配置
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├── README.md # 说明文档
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└── CSharp/ # C# 版本实现
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```
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## 技术支持
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程序基于新版大手册公式和 Q/GDW 11452-2015《架空输电线路防雷导则》实现。
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## 许可证
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请参考项目许可证文件。
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@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class Animation:
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return wrapTheFunction
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def disable(self, _disable):
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self._disable = _disable
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def enable(self, _enable):
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self._disable = not _enable
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@switch_decorator
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def init_fig(self):
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@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ title = "绕击跳闸率计算文件"
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rated_voltage = 750 # 额定电压等级
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h_c_sag = 14.43 # 导线弧垂
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h_g_sag = 11.67 # 地线弧垂
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insulator_c_len = 7.0 # 导线串子绝缘长度
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insulator_c_len = 7.02 # 导线串子绝缘长度
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string_c_len = 9.2 # 导线串长
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string_g_len = 0.5 # 地线串长
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h_arm = [100, 80] # 导、地线挂点垂直距离,计算的是中相
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h_arm = [150, 130] # 导、地线挂点垂直距离,计算的是中相
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gc_x = [17.9, 17] # 导、地线水平坐标,计算的是中相
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ground_angels = [0] # 地面倾角，向下为正，单位°
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altitude = 1500 # 海拔，单位米
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altitude = 1000 # 海拔，单位米
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td = 20 # 雷暴日
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[advance]
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# ng=29.6 #地闪密度 ！！注意！！ 如果地闪密度大于0，则不会通过雷暴日计算地闪密度。填-1则忽略该项数据。
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main-batch.py
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main-batch.py
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import math
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import os.path
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import sys
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import tomli
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from loguru import logger
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from core import *
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import timeit
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# 打印参数
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def parameter_display(para_dis: Parameter):
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logger.info(f"额定电压 kV {para_dis.rated_voltage}")
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logger.info(f"导线弧垂 m {para_dis.h_c_sag}")
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logger.info(f"地线弧垂 m {para_dis.h_g_sag}")
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logger.info(f"全塔高 m {para_dis.h_arm[0]}")
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logger.info(f"串绝缘距离 m {para_dis.insulator_c_len}")
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logger.info(f"导线串长 m {para_dis.string_c_len}")
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logger.info(f"地线串长 m {para_dis.string_g_len}")
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logger.info(f"挂点垂直坐标 m {para_dis.h_arm}")
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logger.info(f"挂点水平坐标 m {para_dis.gc_x}")
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logger.info(f"地面倾角 ° {[an * 180 / math.pi for an in para_dis.ground_angels]}")
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logger.info(f"海拔高度 m {para_dis.altitude}")
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if para_dis.ng > 0:
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logger.info("不采用雷暴日计算地闪密度和雷电流密度")
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logger.info(f"地闪密度 次/(每平方公里·每年) {para_dis.ng}")
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logger.info(f"概率密度曲线系数a {para_dis.Ip_a}")
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logger.info(f"概率密度曲线系数b {para_dis.Ip_b}")
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pass
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else:
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logger.info(f"雷暴日 d {para_dis.td}")
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def read_parameter(toml_file_path):
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with open(toml_file_path, "rb") as toml_fs:
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toml_dict = tomli.load(toml_fs)
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toml_parameter = toml_dict["parameter"]
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para.h_g_sag = toml_parameter["h_g_sag"] # 地线弧垂
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para.h_c_sag = toml_parameter["h_c_sag"] # 导线弧垂
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# para.h_whole = toml_parameter["h_whole"] # 杆塔全高
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para.td = toml_parameter["td"] # 雷暴日
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para.insulator_c_len = toml_parameter["insulator_c_len"] # 串子绝缘长度
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para.string_c_len = toml_parameter["string_c_len"]
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para.string_g_len = toml_parameter["string_g_len"]
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para.gc_x = toml_parameter["gc_x"] # 导、地线水平坐标
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para.ground_angels = [
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angel / 180 * math.pi for angel in toml_parameter["ground_angels"]
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] # 地面倾角，向下为正
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para.h_arm = toml_parameter["h_arm"]
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para.altitude = toml_parameter["altitude"]
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para.rated_voltage = toml_parameter["rated_voltage"]
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toml_advance = toml_dict["advance"]
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para.ng = toml_advance["ng"] # 地闪密度
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para.Ip_a = toml_advance["Ip_a"] # 概率密度曲线系数a
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para.Ip_b = toml_advance["Ip_b"] # 概率密度曲线系数b
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toml_optional = toml_dict["optional"]
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para.voltage_n = toml_optional["voltage_n"] # 工作电压分成多少份来计算
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para.max_i = toml_optional["max_i"]
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def egm():
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if len(sys.argv) < 2:
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toml_file_path = r"ZC27103B-2000m.toml"
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else:
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toml_file_path = sys.argv[1]
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if not os.path.exists(toml_file_path):
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logger.info(f"无法找到数据文件{toml_file_path}，程序退出。")
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sys.exit(0)
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logger.info(f"读取文件{toml_file_path}")
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read_parameter(toml_file_path)
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#########################################################
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# 以上是需要设置的参数
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parameter_display(para)
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h_whole = para.h_arm[0] # 塔全高
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string_g_len = para.string_g_len
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string_c_len = para.string_c_len
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h_g_sag = para.h_g_sag
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h_c_sag = para.h_c_sag
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gc_x = para.gc_x
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shield_angle = [0, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]
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with open('r.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as sa_result_file:
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for sa in shield_angle:
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gc_x[0] = gc_x[1] + math.tan(sa / 180 * math.pi) * (10 + 6 - 0.5)
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h_arm = para.h_arm
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gc_y = [
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h_whole - string_g_len - h_g_sag * 2 / 3, # 地线对地平均高
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]
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if len(h_arm) > 1:
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for hoo in h_arm[1:]:
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gc_y.append(hoo - string_c_len - h_c_sag * 2 / 3) # 导线平均高
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if len(gc_y) > 2: # 双回路
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phase_n = 3 # 边相导线数量
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else:
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phase_n = 1
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# 地闪密度 利用Q╱GDW 11452-2015 架空输电线路防雷导则的公式 Ng=0.023*Td^(1.3) 20天雷暴日地闪密度为1.13
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td = para.td
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ng = func_ng(td)
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avr_n_sf = 0 # 考虑电压的影响计算的跳闸率
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ground_angels = para.ground_angels
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for ground_angel in ground_angels:
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logger.info(f"地面倾角{ground_angel/math.pi*180:.3f}°")
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rg_type = None
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rg_x = None
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rg_y = None
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cad = Draw()
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voltage_n = para.voltage_n
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n_sf_phases = np.zeros((phase_n, voltage_n)) # 存储每一相的跳闸率
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if np.any(np.array(gc_y) < 0):
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logger.info("导线可能掉地面下了，程序退出。")
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return 0
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for phase_conductor_foo in range(phase_n):
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exposed_curve_shielded = False
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rs_x = gc_x[phase_conductor_foo]
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rs_y = gc_y[phase_conductor_foo]
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rc_x = gc_x[phase_conductor_foo + 1]
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rc_y = gc_y[phase_conductor_foo + 1]
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if phase_n == 1:
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rg_type = "g"
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if phase_n > 1: # 多回路
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if phase_conductor_foo < 2:
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rg_type = "c" # 捕捉弧有下面一相导线的击距代替
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rg_x = gc_x[phase_conductor_foo + 2]
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rg_y = gc_y[phase_conductor_foo + 2]
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else:
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rg_type = "g"
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# TODO 保护角公式可能有问题，后面改
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shield_angle_at_avg_height = (
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math.atan(
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(rc_x - rs_x)
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/ (
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(h_arm[0] - string_g_len - h_arm[phase_conductor_foo + 1])
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+ string_c_len
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)
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)
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* 180
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/ math.pi
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) # 挂点处保护角
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logger.info(f"挂点处保护角{shield_angle_at_avg_height:.3f}°")
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logger.debug(f"最低相防护标识{rg_type}")
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rated_voltage = para.rated_voltage
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for u_bar in range(voltage_n): # 计算不同工作电压下的跳闸率
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# u_ph = (
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# math.sqrt(2)
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# * 750
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# * math.cos(2 * math.pi / voltage_n * u_bar)
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# / 1.732
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# ) # 运行相电压
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u_ph = rated_voltage
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logger.info(f"计算第{phase_conductor_foo + 1}相，电压为{u_ph:.2f}kV")
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# 迭代法计算最大电流
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i_max = 0
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insulator_c_len = para.insulator_c_len
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# i_min = min_i(insulator_c_len, u_ph / 1.732)
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i_min = min_i(insulator_c_len, u_ph)
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_min_i = i_min # 尝试的最小电流
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_max_i = para.max_i # 尝试的最大电流
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# cad.draw(i_min, u_ph, rs_x, rs_y, rc_x, rc_y, rg_x, rg_y, rg_type, 2)
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for i_bar in np.linspace(
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_min_i, _max_i, int((_max_i - _min_i) / 0.1)
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): # 雷电流
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# logger.info(f"尝试计算电流为{i_bar:.2f}")
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rs = rs_fun(i_bar)
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rc = rc_fun(i_bar, u_ph)
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rg = rg_fun(i_bar, rc_y, u_ph, typ=rg_type)
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rg_line_func = None
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if rg_type == "g":
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rg_line_func = rg_line_function_factory(rg, ground_angel)
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#######
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# cccCount += 1
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# if cccCount % 30 == 0:
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# import core
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#
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# core.gMSP.add_circle((0, h_gav), rs)
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# core.gMSP.add_circle(
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# (dgc, h_cav), rc_fun(i_bar, -u_ph), dxfattribs={"color": 4}
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# )
|
||||
# core.gMSP.add_circle((dgc, h_cav), rc)
|
||||
#######
|
||||
rg_rc_circle_intersection = solve_circle_intersection(
|
||||
rs, rc, rs_x, rs_y, rc_x, rc_y
|
||||
)
|
||||
i_max = i_bar
|
||||
if (
|
||||
not rg_rc_circle_intersection
|
||||
): # if circle_intersection is []
|
||||
logger.debug("保护弧和暴露弧无交点，检查设置参数。")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection = None
|
||||
if rg_type == "g":
|
||||
circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection = (
|
||||
solve_circle_line_intersection(
|
||||
rc, rc_x, rc_y, rg_line_func
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
elif rg_type == "c":
|
||||
circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection = (
|
||||
solve_circle_intersection(
|
||||
rg, rc, rg_x, rg_y, rc_x, rc_y
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
if not circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection:
|
||||
# 暴露弧和捕捉弧无交点
|
||||
if rg_type == "g":
|
||||
if rg_line_func(rc_x) > rc_y:
|
||||
i_min = i_bar # 用于后面判断最小和最大电流是否相等，相等意味着暴露弧一直被屏蔽
|
||||
logger.info(f"捕捉面在暴露弧之上，设置最小电流为{i_min:.2f}")
|
||||
else:
|
||||
logger.info("暴露弧和地面捕捉弧无交点，检查设置参数。")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
else:
|
||||
logger.info("上面的导地线无法保护下面的导地线，检查设置参数。")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
min_distance_intersection = (
|
||||
np.sum(
|
||||
(
|
||||
np.array(rg_rc_circle_intersection)
|
||||
- np.array(circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection)
|
||||
)
|
||||
** 2
|
||||
)
|
||||
** 0.5
|
||||
) # 计算两圆交点和地面直线交点的最小距离
|
||||
if min_distance_intersection < 0.1:
|
||||
break # 已经找到了最大电流
|
||||
# 判断是否以完全被保护
|
||||
if (
|
||||
rg_rc_circle_intersection[1]
|
||||
< circle_rc_line_or_rg_intersection[1]
|
||||
):
|
||||
circle_rs_line_or_rg_intersection = None
|
||||
if rg_type == "g":
|
||||
circle_rs_line_or_rg_intersection = (
|
||||
solve_circle_line_intersection(
|
||||
rs, rs_x, rs_y, rg_line_func
|
||||
) # 保护弧和捕雷弧的交点
|
||||
)
|
||||
if rg_type == "c":
|
||||
circle_rs_line_or_rg_intersection = (
|
||||
solve_circle_intersection(
|
||||
rs, rg, rs_x, rs_y, rg_x, rg_y
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
# 判断与保护弧的交点是否在暴露弧外面
|
||||
distance = (
|
||||
np.sum(
|
||||
(
|
||||
np.array(circle_rs_line_or_rg_intersection)
|
||||
- np.array([rc_x, rc_y])
|
||||
)
|
||||
** 2
|
||||
)
|
||||
** 0.5
|
||||
)
|
||||
if distance > rc:
|
||||
logger.info(f"电流为{i_bar}kV时，暴露弧已经完全被屏蔽")
|
||||
exposed_curve_shielded = True
|
||||
break
|
||||
# if phase_conductor_foo == 2:
|
||||
cad.draw(
|
||||
i_min,
|
||||
u_ph,
|
||||
rs_x,
|
||||
rs_y,
|
||||
rc_x,
|
||||
rc_y,
|
||||
rg_x,
|
||||
rg_y,
|
||||
rg_type,
|
||||
ground_angel,
|
||||
2,
|
||||
)
|
||||
cad.draw(
|
||||
i_max,
|
||||
u_ph,
|
||||
rs_x,
|
||||
rs_y,
|
||||
rc_x,
|
||||
rc_y,
|
||||
rg_x,
|
||||
rg_y,
|
||||
rg_type,
|
||||
ground_angel,
|
||||
6,
|
||||
)
|
||||
cad.save_as(f"egm{phase_conductor_foo + 1}.dxf")
|
||||
# 判断是否导线已经被完全保护
|
||||
if abs(i_max - _max_i) < 1e-5:
|
||||
logger.info("无法找到最大电流，可能是杆塔较高。")
|
||||
logger.info(f"最大电流设置为自然界最大电流{i_max}kA")
|
||||
logger.info(f"最大电流为{i_max:.2f}")
|
||||
logger.info(f"最小电流为{i_min:.2f}")
|
||||
if exposed_curve_shielded:
|
||||
logger.info("暴露弧已经完全被屏蔽,不会跳闸。")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
curt_fineness = 0.1 # 电流积分细度
|
||||
if i_min > i_max or abs(i_min - i_max) < curt_fineness:
|
||||
logger.info("最大电流小于等于最小电流，没有暴露弧。")
|
||||
continue
|
||||
# 开始积分
|
||||
curt_segment_n = int((i_max - i_min) / curt_fineness) # 分成多少份
|
||||
i_curt_samples, d_curt = np.linspace(
|
||||
i_min, i_max, curt_segment_n + 1, retstep=True
|
||||
)
|
||||
bd_area_vec = np.vectorize(bd_area)
|
||||
td = para.td
|
||||
ip_a = para.Ip_a
|
||||
ip_b = para.Ip_b
|
||||
cal_bd_np = bd_area_vec(
|
||||
i_curt_samples,
|
||||
u_ph,
|
||||
rc_x,
|
||||
rc_y,
|
||||
rs_x,
|
||||
rs_y,
|
||||
rg_x,
|
||||
rg_y,
|
||||
ground_angel,
|
||||
rg_type,
|
||||
) * thunder_density(i_curt_samples, td, ip_a, ip_b)
|
||||
calculus = np.sum(cal_bd_np[:-1] + cal_bd_np[1:]) / 2 * d_curt
|
||||
# for i_curt in i_curt_samples[:-1]:
|
||||
# cal_bd_first = bd_area(i_curt, u_ph, dgc, h_gav, h_cav)
|
||||
# cal_bd_second = bd_area(i_curt + d_curt, u_ph, dgc, h_gav, h_cav)
|
||||
# cal_thunder_density_first = thunder_density(i_curt)
|
||||
# cal_thunder_density_second = thunder_density(i_curt + d_curt)
|
||||
# calculus += (
|
||||
# (
|
||||
# cal_bd_first * cal_thunder_density_first
|
||||
# + cal_bd_second * cal_thunder_density_second
|
||||
# )
|
||||
# / 2
|
||||
# * d_curt
|
||||
# )
|
||||
# if abs(calculus-0.05812740052770032)<1e-5:
|
||||
# abc=123
|
||||
# pass
|
||||
rated_voltage = para.rated_voltage
|
||||
n_sf = (
|
||||
2
|
||||
* ng
|
||||
/ 10
|
||||
* calculus
|
||||
* arc_possibility(rated_voltage, insulator_c_len)
|
||||
)
|
||||
avr_n_sf += n_sf / voltage_n
|
||||
n_sf_phases[phase_conductor_foo][u_bar] = n_sf
|
||||
logger.info(f"工作电压为{u_ph:.2f}kV时,跳闸率是{n_sf:.16f}次/(100km·a)")
|
||||
logger.info(f"线路跳闸率是{avr_n_sf:.16f}次/(100km·a)")
|
||||
logger.info(
|
||||
f"不同相跳闸率是{np.array2string(np.mean(n_sf_phases,axis=1),precision=16)}次/(100km·a)"
|
||||
)
|
||||
sa_result_file.write(f'{sa},{avr_n_sf}\n')
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def speed():
|
||||
a = 0
|
||||
for bar in range(100000000):
|
||||
a += bar
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
logger.remove()
|
||||
logger.add(sys.stderr, level="DEBUG")
|
||||
run_time = timeit.timeit("egm()", globals=globals(), number=1)
|
||||
logger.info(f"运行时间:{run_time:.2f}s")
|
||||
logger.info("Finished.")
|
||||
4
main.py
4
main.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def read_parameter(toml_file_path):
|
||||
|
||||
def egm():
|
||||
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
|
||||
toml_file_path = r"内自500kV-ZCK上相.toml"
|
||||
toml_file_path = r"D:/code/EGM/历史/平乾750kV.toml"
|
||||
else:
|
||||
toml_file_path = sys.argv[1]
|
||||
if not os.path.exists(toml_file_path):
|
||||
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def egm():
|
||||
ground_angels = para.ground_angels
|
||||
# 初始化动画
|
||||
animate = Animation()
|
||||
animate.disable(False)
|
||||
animate.enable(False)
|
||||
# animate.show()
|
||||
for ground_angel in ground_angels:
|
||||
logger.info(f"地面倾角{ground_angel/math.pi*180:.3f}°")
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user