feat: 优化回路数计算逻辑，提升报表准确性

- 重新启用run.io_bound()调用，使用后台线程执行PowerShell脚本
- 为所有文件保存操作添加按钮防重复点击功能
- 新增win32_helper模块，提供Win32 API和COM接口的文件对话框
- 简化导出最佳方案DXF的代码结构
- 改进异步操作和错误处理机制

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
+  // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
+  // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
+  "version": "0.2.0",
+  "configurations": [
+    {
+      "name": "Python Debugger: Current File with Arguments",
+      "type": "debugpy",
+      "request": "launch",
+      "program": "main.py",
+      "console": "integratedTerminal",
+      "args": "--excel abc.xlsx"
+    },
+  ]
+}

gui.py

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ matplotlib.use("Agg")
 import matplotlib.backends.backend_svg
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import pandas as pd
-from nicegui import app, events, ui
+from nicegui import app, events, ui, run
 
 from main import (
     compare_design_methods,
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ def index():
         except Exception as ex:
             ui.notify(f"上传处理失败: {ex}", type="negative")
 
-    async def save_file_with_dialog(filename, callback, file_filter="All files (*.*)"):
+    async def save_file_with_dialog(filename, callback, file_filter="All files (*.*)", sender=None):
         """
         跨平台文件保存助手。
         如果是原生模式，弹出系统保存对话框。
@@ -356,77 +356,84 @@ def index():
         :param filename: 默认文件名
         :param callback: 接收文件路径并执行保存操作的函数 (filepath) -> None
         :param file_filter: 格式如 "Excel Files (*.xlsx)"
+        :param sender: 触发该操作的 UI 组件，用于在操作期间禁用以防重复点击
         """
-        # 方案：使用 PowerShell 弹出原生保存对话框 (仅限 Windows)
+        if sender:
-        # 这完全避免了 Python UI 库 (Tkinter/PyWebview) 的线程冲突和 PicklingError
+            sender.disable()
-        import platform
+        try:
-        import subprocess
+            # 方案：使用 PowerShell 弹出原生保存对话框 (仅限 Windows)
+            import platform
+            import subprocess
 
-        if platform.system() == "Windows":
+            if platform.system() == "Windows":
-            try:
+                try:
-                # 构建 PowerShell 脚本
+                    # 构建 PowerShell 脚本
-                # 注意：过滤器格式为 "描述|*.ext|所有文件|*.*"
+                    # 注意：过滤器格式为 "描述|*.ext|所有文件|*.*"
-                ps_filter = file_filter.replace("(", "|").replace(")", "")
+                    ps_filter = file_filter.replace("(", "|").replace(")", "")
-                if "|" not in ps_filter:
+                    if "|" not in ps_filter:
-                    ps_filter += f"|{os.path.splitext(filename)[1] or '*.*'}"
+                        ps_filter += f"|{os.path.splitext(filename)[1] or '*.*'}"
                     
-                # 简单清洗 filter 字符串以适应 PowerShell (e.g., "Excel Files *.xlsx" -> "Excel Files|*.xlsx")
+                    # 简单清洗 filter 字符串以适应 PowerShell (e.g., "Excel Files *.xlsx" -> "Excel Files|*.xlsx")
-                # 这里做一个简化的映射，确保格式正确
+                    # 这里做一个简化的映射，确保格式正确
-                if "Excel" in file_filter:
+                    if "Excel" in file_filter:
-                    ps_filter = "Excel Files (*.xlsx)|*.xlsx|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
+                        ps_filter = "Excel Files (*.xlsx)|*.xlsx|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
-                elif "DXF" in file_filter:
+                    elif "DXF" in file_filter:
-                    ps_filter = "DXF Files (*.dxf)|*.dxf|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
+                        ps_filter = "DXF Files (*.dxf)|*.dxf|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
-                elif "ZIP" in file_filter:
+                    elif "ZIP" in file_filter:
-                    ps_filter = "ZIP Archives (*.zip)|*.zip|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
+                        ps_filter = "ZIP Archives (*.zip)|*.zip|All Files (*.*)|*.*"
-                else:
+                    else:
-                    ps_filter = "All Files (*.*)|*.*"
+                        ps_filter = "All Files (*.*)|*.*"
 
-                ps_script = f"""
+                    ps_script = f"""
-                Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
+                    Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms
-                $d = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog
+                    $d = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog
-                $d.Filter = "{ps_filter}"
+                    $d.Filter = "{ps_filter}"
-                $d.FileName = "{filename}"
+                    $d.FileName = "{filename}"
-                $d.Title = "保存文件"
+                    $d.Title = "保存文件"
-                if ($d.ShowDialog() -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) {{
+                    if ($d.ShowDialog() -eq [System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult]::OK) {{
-                    Write-Output $d.FileName
+                        Write-Output $d.FileName
-                }}
+                    }}
-                """
+                    """
 
-                # 运行 PowerShell
+                    # 运行 PowerShell
-                # 使用 startupinfo 隐藏控制台窗口 (防止黑框闪烁)
+                    # 使用 startupinfo 隐藏控制台窗口 (防止黑框闪烁)
-                startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
+                    startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
-                startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
+                    startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
                     
-                print("DEBUG: invoking PowerShell SaveFileDialog...")
+                    print("DEBUG: invoking PowerShell SaveFileDialog...")
                     
-                # 在 native 模式下直接同步执行，不使用 run.io_bound()
+                    # 使用 run.io_bound 在后台线程执行，避免阻塞主事件循环
-                result = subprocess.run(
+                    # 这样按钮的禁用状态可以立即同步到前端
-                    ["powershell", "-Command", ps_script],
+                    result = await run.io_bound(
-                    capture_output=True,
+                        subprocess.run,
-                    text=True,
+                        ["powershell", "-Command", ps_script],
-                    startupinfo=startupinfo
+                        capture_output=True,
-                )
+                        text=True,
-                save_path = result.stdout.strip()
+                        startupinfo=startupinfo
+                    )
+                    save_path = result.stdout.strip()
+                    if save_path:
+                        print(f"DEBUG: PowerShell returned path: {save_path}")
+                        await callback(save_path)
+                        ui.notify(f"文件已保存至: {save_path}", type="positive")
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        print("DEBUG: PowerShell dialog cancelled or empty result.")
+                        # 用户取消，直接返回，不回退
+                        return 
 
-                if save_path:
+                except Exception as e:
-                    print(f"DEBUG: PowerShell returned path: {save_path}")
+                    print(f"PowerShell dialog failed: {e}")
-                    await callback(save_path)
+                    # 出错则回退到 ui.download
-                    ui.notify(f"文件已保存至: {save_path}", type="positive")
-                    return
-                else:
-                    print("DEBUG: PowerShell dialog cancelled or empty result.")
-                    # 用户取消，直接返回，不回退
-                    return 
 
-            except Exception as e:
+            # 统一回退方案：浏览器下载
-                print(f"PowerShell dialog failed: {e}")
+            print("DEBUG: Using ui.download fallback")
-                # 出错则回退到 ui.download
+            temp_path = os.path.join(state["temp_dir"], filename)
-
+            await callback(temp_path)
-        # 统一回退方案：浏览器下载
+            ui.download(temp_path)
-        print("DEBUG: Using ui.download fallback")
+        finally:
-        temp_path = os.path.join(state["temp_dir"], filename)
+            if sender:
-        await callback(temp_path)
+                sender.enable()
-        ui.download(temp_path)
 
     def update_export_buttons():
         if refs["export_row"]:
@@ -468,9 +475,9 @@ def index():
                     # 如果不存在，重新生成
                     export_all_scenarios_to_excel(state["results"], path)
 
-            async def on_click_excel():
+            async def on_click_excel(e):
                 await save_file_with_dialog(
-                    default_excel_name, save_excel, "Excel Files (*.xlsx)"
+                    default_excel_name, save_excel, "Excel Files (*.xlsx)", sender=e.sender
                 )
 
             ui.button(
@@ -479,41 +486,7 @@ def index():
             ).props("icon=download")
 
             # --- 导出推荐方案 DXF ---
-            def export_best_dxf():
+            async def on_click_best_dxf(e):
-                if state["substation"] is not None:
-                    safe_name = "".join(
-                        [
-                            c
-                            for c in best_res["name"]
-                            if c.isalnum() or c in (" ", "-", "_")
-                        ]
-                    ).strip()
-                    default_name = f"{file_prefix}_best_{safe_name}.dxf"
-
-                    async def save_dxf(path):
-                        export_to_dxf(
-                            best_res["turbines"],
-                            state["substation"],
-                            best_res["eval"]["details"],
-                            path,
-                        )
-
-                    # 包装为 async 任务，并在 NiceGUI 事件循环中执行
-                    async def run_save():
-                        await save_file_with_dialog(
-                            default_name, save_dxf, "DXF Files (*.dxf)"
-                        )
-
-                    # 这里的 export_best_dxf 本身是普通函数，绑定到 on_click
-                    # 但我们需要它执行异步操作。最简单的是让 export_best_dxf 变为 async
-                    # 或者在这里直接调用 run_save (但这在普通函数里不行)
-                    # 更好的方法是将 export_best_dxf 定义为 async，如下所示
-                    return run_save()
-                else:
-                    ui.notify("缺少升压站数据，无法导出 DXF", type="negative")
-
-            # 将 export_best_dxf 改为 async 并重命名，以便直接用作回调
-            async def on_click_best_dxf():
                 if state["substation"] is not None:
                     safe_name = "".join(
                         [
@@ -533,7 +506,7 @@ def index():
                         )
 
                     await save_file_with_dialog(
-                        default_name, save_dxf, "DXF Files (*.dxf)"
+                        default_name, save_dxf, "DXF Files (*.dxf)", sender=e.sender
                     )
                 else:
                     ui.notify("缺少升压站数据，无法导出 DXF", type="negative")
@@ -543,7 +516,7 @@ def index():
             ).props("icon=architecture color=accent")
 
             # --- 导出选中方案 DXF ---
-            async def on_click_selected_dxf():
+            async def on_click_selected_dxf(e):
                 if not refs["results_table"] or not refs["results_table"].selected:
                     ui.notify("请先在上方表格中选择一个方案", type="warning")
                     return
@@ -573,7 +546,7 @@ def index():
                         )
 
                     await save_file_with_dialog(
-                        default_name, save_dxf, "DXF Files (*.dxf)"
+                        default_name, save_dxf, "DXF Files (*.dxf)", sender=e.sender
                     )
                 else:
                     ui.notify(
@@ -588,7 +561,7 @@ def index():
             refs["export_selected_btn"].set_text(f"导出选中方案 ({clean_name})")
 
             # --- 导出全部 ZIP ---
-            async def on_click_all_dxf():
+            async def on_click_all_dxf(e):
                 if not state["results"] or state["substation"] is None:
                     ui.notify("无方案数据可导出", type="warning")
                     return
@@ -634,7 +607,7 @@ def index():
                             except:
                                 pass
 
-                await save_file_with_dialog(default_name, save_zip, "ZIP Files (*.zip)")
+                await save_file_with_dialog(default_name, save_zip, "ZIP Files (*.zip)", sender=e.sender)
 
             ui.button("导出全部方案 DXF (ZIP)", on_click=on_click_all_dxf).props(
                 "icon=folder_zip color=secondary"
@@ -688,8 +661,6 @@ def index():
 
     import queue
 
-    from nicegui import run
-
     async def run_analysis():
         if not state["excel_path"]:
             ui.notify("请先上传 Excel 坐标文件！", type="warning")
@@ -810,11 +781,16 @@ def index():
                     total_length_m = sum(d["length"] for d in res["eval"]["details"])
                     total_length_km = total_length_m / 1000
 
+                    # 获取回路数 (通过统计从升压站发出的连接)
+                    n_circuits = sum(1 for d in res["eval"]["details"] if d["source"] == "substation" or d["target"] == "substation")
+
                     row_dict = {
                         "name": name_display,
+                        "n_circuits": n_circuits,
                         "cost_wan": f"{res['cost'] / 10000:.2f}",
                         "loss_kw": f"{res['loss']:.2f}",
                         "total_length": f"{total_length_km:.2f}",
+                        "npv_loss_wan": f"{res.get('npv_loss', 0) / 10000:.2f}",
                         "total_cost_npv_wan": f"{res.get('total_cost_npv', res['cost']) / 10000:.2f}",
                         "note": note,
                         "original_name": res["name"],
@@ -878,7 +854,7 @@ def index():
             # 使用 items-stretch 确保所有子元素高度一致
             with ui.row().classes("w-full items-stretch gap-4"):
                 # 1. 导出模板按钮
-                async def export_template():
+                async def export_template(e):
                     import shutil
 
                     from generate_template import create_template
@@ -899,7 +875,7 @@ def index():
                             raise FileNotFoundError("无法生成模板文件")
 
                     await save_file_with_dialog(
-                        "coordinates.xlsx", save_template, "Excel Files (*.xlsx)"
+                        "coordinates.xlsx", save_template, "Excel Files (*.xlsx)", sender=e.sender
                     )
 
                 ui.button("导出 Excel 模板", on_click=export_template).classes(
@@ -966,6 +942,12 @@ def index():
                             "required": True,
                             "align": "left",
                         },
+                        {
+                            "name": "n_circuits",
+                            "label": "回路数",
+                            "field": "n_circuits",
+                            "sortable": True,
+                        },
                         {
                             "name": "cost_wan",
                             "label": "总投资 (万元)",
@@ -984,6 +966,12 @@ def index():
                             "field": "total_length",
                             "sortable": True,
                         },
+                        {
+                            "name": "npv_loss_wan",
+                            "label": "损耗费用净现值 (万元)",
+                            "field": "npv_loss_wan",
+                            "sortable": True,
+                        },
                         {
                             "name": "total_cost_npv_wan",
                             "label": "总费用 (万元)",

main.py

@@ -655,38 +655,20 @@ def design_with_rotational_sweep(
     return final_connections, turbines
 
 
-def get_max_cable_capacity_mw(
+# 4. 获取电缆最大容量(MW)
-    cable_specs=None, voltage=VOLTAGE_LEVEL, power_factor=POWER_FACTOR
+def get_max_cable_capacity_mw(cable_specs, voltage=VOLTAGE_LEVEL, power_factor=POWER_FACTOR):
-):
     """
-    计算给定电缆规格中能够承载的最大功率 (单位: MW)。
+    根据电缆规格计算最大承载功率
-
+    :param cable_specs: 电缆规格列表 list of tuples，或者直接是最大功率数值(MW)
-    基于提供的电缆规格列表，选取最大载流量，结合系统电压和功率因数计算理论最大传输功率。
-
-    参数:
-        cable_specs (list, optional): 电缆规格列表。每个元素应包含 (截面积, 额定电流, 单价, 损耗系数)。
-        voltage (float): 系统电压 (V), 默认 66000
-        power_factor (float): 功率因数, 默认 0.95
-
-    返回:
-        float: 最大功率承载能力 (MW)。
-
-    异常:
-        Exception: 当未提供 cable_specs 时抛出，提示截面不满足。
     """
-    if cable_specs is None:
+    # 如果传入的已经是数值，直接返回
-        # Default cable specs if not provided (same as in evaluate_design)
+    if isinstance(cable_specs, (int, float, np.number)):
-        cable_specs = [
+        return float(cable_specs)
-            (35, 150, 0.524, 80),
+
-            (70, 215, 0.268, 120),
+    # 兼容性检查：如果列表为空
-            (95, 260, 0.193, 150),
+    if not cable_specs:
-            (120, 295, 0.153, 180),
+        print("Warning: 没有可用的电缆规格，使用默认最大容量 100MW")
-            (150, 330, 0.124, 220),
+        return 100.0
-            (185, 370, 0.0991, 270),
-            (240, 425, 0.0754, 350),
-            (300, 500, 0.0601, 450),
-            (400, 580, 0.0470, 600),
-        ]
 
     # 从所有电缆规格中找到最大的额定电流容量
     max_current_capacity = max(spec[1] for spec in cable_specs)
@@ -858,8 +840,9 @@ def evaluate_design(
         total_cost += cable["cost"]
 
         # 计算I²R损耗 (简化版)
-        loss = (cable["current"] ** 2) * cable["resistance"] * 3  # 三相
+        loss_w = (cable["current"] ** 2) * cable["resistance"] * 3  # 三相，单位：W
-        total_loss += loss
+        loss_kw = loss_w / 1000  # 转换为 kW
+        total_loss += loss_kw
 
     return {
         "total_cost": total_cost,
@@ -1008,10 +991,12 @@ def export_to_excel(connections_details, filename):
     df = pd.DataFrame(data)
 
     # 汇总统计
+    n_circuits = sum(1 for conn in connections_details if conn["source"] == "substation" or conn["target"] == "substation")
     summary = {
         "Total Cost (¥)": df["Cost (¥)"].sum(),
         "Total Effective Length (m)": df["Effective Length (m)"].sum(),
         "Total Vertical Length (m)": df["Vertical Length (m)"].sum(),
+        "Number of Circuits": n_circuits,
     }
     summary_df = pd.DataFrame([summary])
 
@@ -1037,15 +1022,14 @@ def export_all_scenarios_to_excel(results, filename):
             # 1. 总览 Sheet
             summary_data = []
             for res in results:
-                # 获取回路数
+                # 获取回路数 (通过统计从升压站发出的连接)
-                n_circuits = 0
+                n_circuits = sum(1 for conn in res["eval"]["details"] if conn["source"] == "substation" or conn["target"] == "substation")
-                if "turbines" in res and "cluster" in res["turbines"].columns:
-                    n_circuits = res["turbines"]["cluster"].nunique()
 
                 summary_data.append(
                     {
                         "Scenario": res["name"],
                         "Total Cost (¥)": res["cost"],
+                        "总费用(万元)": res.get("total_cost_npv", res["cost"]) / 10000,
                         "Total Loss (kW)": res["loss"],
                         "Num Circuits": n_circuits,
                         # 计算电缆统计
@@ -1412,14 +1396,10 @@ def compare_design_methods(
 
         print(f"  最大电缆容量: {max_cable_mw:.2f} MW")
 
-        # --- Run 1: Base Algorithm (Capacitated Sweep) ---
+        # --- Run 1: Base Sector Sweep ---
         base_name = f"{name} (Base)"
         conns_base, turbines_base = design_with_capacitated_sweep(
-            turbines.copy(),
+            turbines.copy(), substation, max_cable_mw, voltage=voltage
-            substation,
-            cable_specs=current_specs,
-            voltage=voltage,
-            power_factor=power_factor,
         )
         eval_base = evaluate_design(
             turbines,
@@ -1431,7 +1411,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             voltage=voltage,
             power_factor=power_factor,
         )
-
+        n_circuits_base = sum(1 for d in eval_base["details"] if d["source"] == "substation" or d["target"] == "substation")
         comparison_results.append(
             {
                 "name": base_name,
@@ -1443,17 +1423,13 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             }
         )
         print(
-            f"  [Base]       Cost: ¥{eval_base['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_base['total_loss']:.2f} kW"
+            f"  [Base] Cost: ¥{eval_base['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_base['total_loss']:.2f} kW | Circuits: {n_circuits_base}"
         )
 
-        # --- Run 2: Rotational Algorithm (Optimization) ---
+        # --- Run 2: Rotational Sweep (Optimization) ---
         rot_name = f"{name} (Rotational)"
         conns_rot, turbines_rot = design_with_rotational_sweep(
-            turbines.copy(),
+            turbines.copy(), substation, max_cable_mw, voltage=voltage
-            substation,
-            cable_specs=current_specs,
-            voltage=voltage,
-            power_factor=power_factor,
         )
         eval_rot = evaluate_design(
             turbines,
@@ -1465,7 +1441,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             voltage=voltage,
             power_factor=power_factor,
         )
-
+        n_circuits_rot = sum(1 for d in eval_rot["details"] if d["source"] == "substation" or d["target"] == "substation")
         comparison_results.append(
             {
                 "name": rot_name,
@@ -1477,7 +1453,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             }
         )
         print(
-            f"  [Rotational] Cost: ¥{eval_rot['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_rot['total_loss']:.2f} kW"
+            f"  [Rotational] Cost: ¥{eval_rot['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_rot['total_loss']:.2f} kW | Circuits: {n_circuits_rot}"
         )
 
         # --- Run 3: Esau-Williams Algorithm ---
@@ -1495,7 +1471,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             voltage=voltage,
             power_factor=power_factor,
         )
-
+        n_circuits_ew = sum(1 for d in eval_ew["details"] if d["source"] == "substation" or d["target"] == "substation")
         comparison_results.append(
             {
                 "name": ew_name,
@@ -1507,7 +1483,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
             }
         )
         print(
-            f"  [Esau-Williams] Cost: ¥{eval_ew['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_ew['total_loss']:.2f} kW"
+            f"  [Esau-Williams] Cost: ¥{eval_ew['total_cost']:,.2f} | Loss: {eval_ew['total_loss']:.2f} kW | Circuits: {n_circuits_ew}"
         )
 
         # 记录最佳
@@ -1524,7 +1500,7 @@ def compare_design_methods(
         # 可视化 (只画 Base 版本)
         ax_idx = i + 1
         if plot_results and ax_idx < 4:
-            n_circuits = turbines_base["cluster"].nunique()
+            n_circuits = sum(1 for d in eval_base["details"] if d["source"] == "substation" or d["target"] == "substation")
             title = f"{base_name} ({n_circuits} circuits)\nCost: ¥{eval_base['total_cost'] / 10000:.2f}万"
             visualize_design(
                 turbines_base, substation, eval_base["details"], title, ax=axes[ax_idx]
@@ -1564,7 +1540,11 @@ def compare_design_methods(
         for i, res in enumerate(comparison_results):
             if res["cost"] < comparison_results[best_idx]["cost"]:
                 best_idx = i
-            print(f"  {i + 1}. {res['name']} - Cost: ¥{res['cost']:,.2f}")
+            
+            # 获取回路数 (通过统计从升压站发出的连接)
+            n_circuits = sum(1 for conn in res["eval"]["details"] if conn["source"] == "substation" or conn["target"] == "substation")
+            
+            print(f"  {i + 1}. {res['name']} - Cost: ¥{res['cost']:,.2f} | Circuits: {n_circuits}")
 
         print(f"推荐方案: {comparison_results[best_idx]['name']} (默认)")
 
@@ -1680,21 +1660,23 @@ def total_investment(results, system_params):
         更新后的results列表，每个结果新增 'total_cost_npv' 字段（总费用净现值，元）
     """
     # 获取系统参数，使用默认值
-    discount_rate_percent = system_params.get('discount_rate', DISCOUNT_RATE)
+    discount_rate_percent = system_params.get("discount_rate", DISCOUNT_RATE)
-    electricity_price = system_params.get('electricity_price', ELECTRICITY_PRICE)
+    electricity_price = system_params.get("electricity_price", ELECTRICITY_PRICE)
-    project_lifetime = system_params.get('project_lifetime', PROJECT_LIFETIME)
+    project_lifetime = system_params.get("project_lifetime", PROJECT_LIFETIME)
-    annual_loss_hours = system_params.get('annual_loss_hours', ANNUAL_LOSS_HOURS)
+    annual_loss_hours = system_params.get("annual_loss_hours", ANNUAL_LOSS_HOURS)
 
     # 将折现率转换为小数
     r = discount_rate_percent / 100.0
 
     for result in results:
-        cable_cost = result['cost']  # 电缆总投资（元）
+        cable_cost = result["cost"]  # 电缆总投资（元）
-        loss_power = result['loss']  # 线损功率（kW）
+        loss_power = result["loss"]  # 线损功率（kW）
 
         # 1. 计算电缆投资的净现值（2年分期）
         # 第1年支付50%，第2年支付50%
-        npv_cable = (cable_cost * 0.5) / ((1 + r) ** 1) + (cable_cost * 0.5) / ((1 + r) ** 2)
+        npv_cable = (cable_cost * 0.5) / ((1 + r) ** 1) + (cable_cost * 0.5) / (
+            (1 + r) ** 2
+        )
 
         # 2. 计算电费损耗的净现值（生命周期内）
         # 年损耗费用 = 损耗功率(kW) * 年损耗小时数 * 电价(元/kWh)
@@ -1713,10 +1695,10 @@ def total_investment(results, system_params):
         total_cost_npv = npv_cable + npv_loss
 
         # 将结果添加到字典中
-        result['total_cost_npv'] = total_cost_npv
+        result["total_cost_npv"] = total_cost_npv
-        result['npv_cable'] = npv_cable
+        result["npv_cable"] = npv_cable
-        result['npv_loss'] = npv_loss
+        result["npv_loss"] = npv_loss
-        result['annual_loss_cost'] = annual_loss_cost
+        result["annual_loss_cost"] = annual_loss_cost
 
     return results
 

win32_helper.py

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+import ctypes
+import ctypes.wintypes
+import os
+
+def show_save_dialog_win32():
+    """
+    使用 ctypes 直接调用 Windows API (GetSaveFileNameW)
+    不需要子进程，可以在线程中运行 (run.io_bound)
+    """
+    try:
+        # 定义 OPENFILENAME 结构体
+        class OPENFILENAME(ctypes.Structure):
+            _fields_ = [
+                ("lStructSize", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("hwndOwner", ctypes.wintypes.HWND),
+                ("hInstance", ctypes.wintypes.HINSTANCE),
+                ("lpstrFilter", ctypes.wintypes.LPCWSTR),
+                ("lpstrCustomFilter", ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR),
+                ("nMaxCustFilter", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("nFilterIndex", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("lpstrFile", ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR),
+                ("nMaxFile", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("lpstrFileTitle", ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR),
+                ("nMaxFileTitle", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("lpstrInitialDir", ctypes.wintypes.LPCWSTR),
+                ("lpstrTitle", ctypes.wintypes.LPCWSTR),
+                ("Flags", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                ("nFileOffset", ctypes.wintypes.WORD),
+                ("nFileExtension", ctypes.wintypes.WORD),
+                ("lpstrDefExt", ctypes.wintypes.LPCWSTR),
+                ("lCustData", ctypes.wintypes.LPARAM),
+                ("lpfnHook", ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
+                ("lpTemplateName", ctypes.wintypes.LPCWSTR),
+                # 还有更多字段，但这通常足够了
+                # ("pvReserved", ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
+                # ("dwReserved", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+                # ("FlagsEx", ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
+            ]
+
+        # 准备缓冲区
+        filename_buffer = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260) # MAX_PATH
+        # 设置初始文件名
+        filename_buffer.value = "win32_save.xlsx"
+        
+        # 准备过滤器 (用 \0 分隔)
+        # 格式: "描述\0模式\0描述\0模式\0\0"
+        filter_str = "Excel Files (*.xlsx)\0*.xlsx\0All Files (*.*)\0*.*\0\0"
+        
+        ofn = OPENFILENAME()
+        ofn.lStructSize = ctypes.sizeof(OPENFILENAME)
+        ofn.hwndOwner = 0 # NULL
+        ofn.lpstrFilter = filter_str
+        ofn.lpstrFile = ctypes.cast(filename_buffer, ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR)
+        ofn.nMaxFile = 260
+        ofn.lpstrDefExt = "xlsx"
+        ofn.lpstrTitle = "保存文件 (Win32 API)"
+        # OFN_OVERWRITEPROMPT | OFN_PATHMUSTEXIST | OFN_NOCHANGEDIR
+        ofn.Flags = 0x00000002 | 0x00000800 | 0x00000008 
+        
+        comdlg32 = ctypes.windll.comdlg32
+        
+        # 调用 API
+        # GetSaveFileNameW 返回非零值表示成功
+        if comdlg32.GetSaveFileNameW(ctypes.byref(ofn)):
+            return filename_buffer.value
+        else:
+            return None
+            
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Win32 API Error: {e}")
+        return None
+
+
+def show_save_dialog_com():
+    """
+    使用 COM 接口 IFileSaveDialog (Windows Vista+)
+    提供更现代化的文件保存对话框，支持更多功能
+    """
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+        import ctypes.wintypes
+        import uuid
+
+        # 定义必要的常量
+        CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER = 1
+        S_OK = 0
+        FOS_OVERWRITEPROMPT = 0x00000002
+        FOS_PATHMUSTEXIST = 0x00000800
+        FOS_NOCHANGEDIR = 0x00000008
+        SIGDN_FILESYSPATH = 0x80058000
+
+        # IFileSaveDialog 的 CLSID 和 IID
+        CLSID_FileSaveDialog = uuid.UUID("{C0B4E2F3-BA21-4773-8DBA-335EC946EB8B}")
+        IID_IFileSaveDialog = uuid.UUID("{84bccd23-5fde-4cdb-aea4-af64b83d78ab}")
+        IID_IShellItem = uuid.UUID("{43826d1e-e718-42ee-bc55-a1e261c37bfe}")
+
+        # 加载 ole32.dll
+        ole32 = ctypes.windll.ole32
+
+        # CoInitialize
+        ole32.CoInitialize(None)
+
+        # CoCreateInstance
+        p_dialog = ctypes.c_void_p()
+        hr = ole32.CoCreateInstance(
+            ctypes.byref(CLSID_FileSaveDialog),
+            None,
+            CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
+            ctypes.byref(IID_IFileSaveDialog),
+            ctypes.byref(p_dialog)
+        )
+
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"CoCreateInstance failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 定义 IFileSaveDialog 的 vtable 方法
+        # 我们只需要调用 Show, GetResult, SetOptions, SetFileName, SetDefaultExtension, SetFileTypeIndex
+        # 这些方法在 IFileOpenDialog 基类中定义
+
+        # SetOptions
+        class IFileSaveDialogVtbl(ctypes.Structure):
+            _fields_ = [
+                ("QueryInterface", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("AddRef", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("Release", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                # IModalWindow
+                ("Show", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                # IFileDialog
+                ("SetFileTypes", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetFileTypeIndex", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetFileTypeIndex", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("Advise", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("Unadvise", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetOptions", ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_ulong)),
+                ("GetOptions", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetDefaultFolder", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetFolder", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetFolder", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetCurrentSelection", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetFileName", ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_wchar_p)),
+                ("GetFileName", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetTitle", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetOkButtonLabel", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetFileNameLabel", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetResult", ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))),
+                ("AddPlace", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetDefaultExtension", ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_wchar_p)),
+                ("Close", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetClientGuid", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("ClearClientData", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("SetFilter", ctypes.c_void_p),
+            ]
+
+        # 获取 vtable
+        vtable = ctypes.cast(p_dialog, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(IFileSaveDialogVtbl))).contents.contents
+
+        # 调用 SetOptions
+        hr = vtable.SetOptions(p_dialog, FOS_OVERWRITEPROMPT | FOS_PATHMUSTEXIST | FOS_NOCHANGEDIR)
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"SetOptions failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 调用 SetFileName
+        hr = vtable.SetFileName(p_dialog, "com_save.xlsx")
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"SetFileName failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 调用 SetDefaultExtension
+        hr = vtable.SetDefaultExtension(p_dialog, "xlsx")
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"SetDefaultExtension failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 调用 SetFileTypeIndex
+        hr = vtable.SetFileTypeIndex(p_dialog, 1)
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"SetFileTypeIndex failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 调用 Show
+        hr = vtable.Show(p_dialog, 0)  # 0 表示没有父窗口
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            # 用户取消
+            return None
+
+        # 调用 GetResult
+        p_result = ctypes.c_void_p()
+        hr = vtable.GetResult(p_dialog, ctypes.byref(p_result))
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"GetResult failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        # 定义 IShellItem 接口
+        class IShellItemVtbl(ctypes.Structure):
+            _fields_ = [
+                ("QueryInterface", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("AddRef", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("Release", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("BindToHandler", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetParent", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("GetDisplayName", ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_long, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_ulong, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_wchar_p))),
+                ("GetAttributes", ctypes.c_void_p),
+                ("Compare", ctypes.c_void_p),
+            ]
+
+        # 获取 IShellItem 的 vtable
+        result_vtable = ctypes.cast(p_result, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.POINTER(IShellItemVtbl))).contents.contents
+
+        # 调用 GetDisplayName
+        p_display_name = ctypes.c_wchar_p()
+        hr = result_vtable.GetDisplayName(p_result, SIGDN_FILESYSPATH, ctypes.byref(p_display_name))
+        if hr != S_OK:
+            print(f"GetDisplayName failed: {hr}")
+            return None
+
+        filepath = p_display_name.value
+
+        # 清理
+        ole32.CoUninitialize()
+
+        return filepath
+
+    except ImportError as e:
+        print(f"COM Error: {e}")
+        return None
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"COM Error: {e}")
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        return None