62 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
62 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
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# Project Context: Wind Farm Layout Optimization
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**Last Updated:** 2025-12-30
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**Project Path:** `D:\code\windfarm`
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**Current Goal:** Optimize offshore wind farm cable layout using MST and K-means algorithms, with realistic constraints and CAD export.
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## 1. System Overview
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The system simulates and designs the collection system (inter-array cables) for an offshore wind farm.
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It compares two main algorithms:
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1. **MST (Minimum Spanning Tree)**: Global optimization of cable length. (Note: Often creates overloaded branches in large farms).
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2. **Sector Clustering (K-means)**: Angular clustering to divide turbines into radial "strings" or "loops" feeding the substation. This is the preferred method for large offshore farms to ensure cable capacity constraints are met.
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## 2. Key Implementations
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### A. Data Handling
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- **Generation**: Can generate random or grid layouts.
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- **Import**: Supports reading coordinates from `coordinates.xlsx` (Columns: Type, ID, X, Y, Power).
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- **Units**:
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- Power in **MW** (input).
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- Coordinates in **meters**.
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- Voltage: **66 kV** (Code constant `VOLTAGE_LEVEL`).
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### B. Algorithms
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- **Angular K-means**:
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- Uses `(cosθ, sinθ)` of the angle relative to substation for clustering.
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- Eliminates cable crossings between sectors.
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- **Dynamic Cluster Sizing**:
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- Automatically calculates the required number of clusters (feeders) based on: `Total_Power / Max_Cable_Capacity`.
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- Ensures no string exceeds the thermal limit of the largest available cable.
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### C. Electrical Modeling
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- **Cable Sizing**: Selects from standard cross-sections (35mm² to 400mm²).
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- **Constraint**: Max cable capacity (400mm²) is approx. **50.4 MW** at 66kV/0.95PF.
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- **Loss Calc**: $I^2 R$ losses.
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### D. Visualization & Export
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- **Matplotlib**: Shows layout with color-coded cables (Green=Thin -> Red=Thick).
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- **DXF Export**: Uses `ezdxf` to generate `.dxf` files compatible with CAD.
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- Layers: `Substation`, `Turbines`, `Cable_XXmm`.
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- entities: Circles (Turbines), Polylines (Substation), Lines (Cables).
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## 3. Critical Logic & Constants
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- **Voltage**: 66,000 V
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- **Power Factor**: 0.95
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- **Max Current (400mm²)**: 580 A * 0.8 (derating) = 464 A.
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- **Unit Conversion**: Critical fix applied to convert MW to Watts for current calculation (`power * 1e6`).
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## 4. Current State & file Structure
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- `main.py`: Core logic.
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- `coordinates.xlsx`: Input data (if present).
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- `wind_farm_design_imported.png`: Latest visualization.
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- `wind_farm_design.dxf`: Latest CAD export.
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## 5. Known Behaviors
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- **MST Method**: Will report extremely high costs/losses for large farms because it creates a single tree structure that massively overloads the root cables. This is expected behavior (physically invalid but mathematically correct for unconstrained MST).
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- **K-means Method**: Produces realistic, valid designs with appropriate cable tapering (e.g., 400mm² at root, 35mm² at leaves).
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## 6. Future Improvements (Optional)
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- **Obstacle Avoidance**: Currently assumes open ocean.
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- **Loop Topology**: Current design is radial strings. Reliability could be improved with loop/ring structures.
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- **Substation Placement Optimization**: Currently fixed or calculated as centroid.
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