function deltF=func_deltF(PG,QG,PVi,PGi,wPG,wQG,wPD,PG0,QG0,PD0,PD,Busnum,Loadi) t1=2*wPG.*(PG(PGi) - PG0(PGi) ); t2=2*wQG.*(QG(PVi) - QG0(PVi) ); t3=2*wPD.*(PD(Loadi)-PD0(Loadi)); deltF=[ sparse(t1); sparse(t2); sparse(t3); sparse(length(Loadi),1); sparse(2*Busnum,1); ]; end