""" 多能互补系统储能容量优化可视化程序 该程序绘制负荷曲线、发电曲线和储能出力曲线,直观展示系统运行状态。 作者: iFlow CLI 创建日期: 2025-12-25 """ import matplotlib matplotlib.use('TkAgg') # 设置为TkAgg后端以支持图形窗口显示 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from storage_optimization import optimize_storage_capacity, SystemParameters from excel_reader import read_excel_data, create_excel_template, analyze_excel_data # 设置中文字体 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'DejaVu Sans'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False def plot_system_curves(solar_output, wind_output, thermal_output, load_demand, result, show_window=False, display_only=False): """ 绘制系统运行曲线 Args: solar_output: 光伏出力曲线 (MW) - 支持24小时或8760小时 wind_output: 风电出力曲线 (MW) - 支持24小时或8760小时 thermal_output: 火电出力曲线 (MW) - 支持24小时或8760小时 load_demand: 负荷曲线 (MW) - 支持24小时或8760小时 result: 优化结果字典 show_window: 是否显示图形窗口 display_only: 是否只显示不保存文件 """ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # 设置中文字体 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'DejaVu Sans'] plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决负号显示问题 hours = np.arange(len(solar_output)) data_length = len(solar_output) # 确定图表标题和采样率 if data_length == 8760: title_suffix = " (全年8760小时)" # 对于全年数据,我们采样显示(每6小时显示一个点) sample_rate = 6 sampled_hours = hours[::sample_rate] sampled_solar = solar_output[::sample_rate] sampled_wind = wind_output[::sample_rate] sampled_thermal = thermal_output[::sample_rate] sampled_load = load_demand[::sample_rate] sampled_storage = result['storage_profile'][::sample_rate] sampled_charge = result['charge_profile'][::sample_rate] sampled_discharge = result['discharge_profile'][::sample_rate] else: title_suffix = " (24小时)" sampled_hours = hours sampled_solar = solar_output sampled_wind = wind_output sampled_thermal = thermal_output sampled_load = load_demand sampled_storage = result['storage_profile'] sampled_charge = result['charge_profile'] sampled_discharge = result['discharge_profile'] # 创建图形 fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(3, 1, figsize=(14, 12)) fig.suptitle('多能互补系统24小时运行曲线', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold') # === 第一个子图:发电和负荷曲线 === ax1.plot(sampled_hours, sampled_load, 'r-', linewidth=2, label='负荷需求') ax1.plot(sampled_hours, sampled_thermal, 'b-', linewidth=2, label='火电出力') ax1.plot(sampled_hours, sampled_wind, 'g-', linewidth=2, label='风电出力') ax1.plot(sampled_hours, sampled_solar, 'orange', linewidth=2, label='光伏出力') # 计算总发电量 total_generation = [sampled_thermal[i] + sampled_wind[i] + sampled_solar[i] for i in range(len(sampled_thermal))] ax1.plot(sampled_hours, total_generation, 'k--', linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.7, label='总发电量') ax1.set_xlabel('时间 (小时)') ax1.set_ylabel('功率 (MW)') ax1.set_title(f'发电与负荷曲线{title_suffix}') ax1.legend(loc='upper right') ax1.grid(True, alpha=0.3) ax1.set_xlim(0, max(sampled_hours)) # === 第二个子图:储能充放电曲线 === discharge_power = [-x for x in sampled_discharge] # 放电显示为负值 ax2.bar(sampled_hours, sampled_charge, color='green', alpha=0.7, label='充电功率') ax2.bar(sampled_hours, discharge_power, color='red', alpha=0.7, label='放电功率') ax2.set_xlabel('时间 (小时)') ax2.set_ylabel('功率 (MW)') ax2.set_title(f'储能充放电功率{title_suffix}') ax2.legend(loc='upper right') ax2.grid(True, alpha=0.3) ax2.set_xlim(0, max(sampled_hours)) ax2.axhline(y=0, color='black', linestyle='-', linewidth=0.5) # === 第三个子图:储能状态曲线 === ax3.plot(sampled_hours, sampled_storage, 'b-', linewidth=1, marker='o', markersize=2) ax3.fill_between(sampled_hours, 0, sampled_storage, alpha=0.3, color='blue') ax3.set_xlabel('时间 (小时)') ax3.set_ylabel('储能容量 (MWh)') ax3.set_title(f'储能状态 (总容量: {result["required_storage_capacity"]:.2f} MWh){title_suffix}') ax3.grid(True, alpha=0.3) ax3.set_xlim(0, max(sampled_hours)) ax3.set_ylim(bottom=0) # 调整布局 plt.tight_layout() # 根据参数决定是否保存和显示图形 if display_only: # 只显示,不保存 try: plt.show() except Exception as e: print(f"无法显示图形窗口:{str(e)}") else: # 保存图片 plt.savefig('system_curves.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight') # 根据参数决定是否显示图形窗口 if show_window: try: plt.show() except Exception as e: print(f"无法显示图形窗口:{str(e)}") print("图形已保存为 'system_curves.png'") else: plt.close() # 关闭图形,不显示窗口 # 打印统计信息 print("\n=== 系统运行统计 ===") print(f"所需储能总容量: {result['required_storage_capacity']:.2f} MWh") print(f"最大储能状态: {max(result['storage_profile']):.2f} MWh") print(f"最小储能状态: {min(result['storage_profile']):.2f} MWh") print(f"总充电量: {sum(result['charge_profile']):.2f} MWh") print(f"总放电量: {sum(result['discharge_profile']):.2f} MWh") print(f"弃风率: {result['total_curtailment_wind_ratio']:.3f}") print(f"弃光率: {result['total_curtailment_solar_ratio']:.3f}") print(f"上网电量比例: {result['total_grid_feed_in_ratio']:.3f}") def generate_yearly_data(): """生成8760小时的示例数据""" # 基础日模式 daily_solar = [0.0] * 6 + [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0] + [0.0] * 6 daily_wind = [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] * 4 daily_thermal = [5.0] * 24 daily_load = [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 18.0, 16.0, 14.0, 12.0, 10.0, 8.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] # 添加季节性变化 import random random.seed(42) yearly_solar = [] yearly_wind = [] yearly_thermal = [] yearly_load = [] for day in range(365): # 季节性因子(夏季光伏更强,冬季负荷更高) season_factor = 1.0 + 0.3 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * day / 365) for hour in range(24): # 添加随机变化 solar_variation = 1.0 + 0.2 * (random.random() - 0.5) wind_variation = 1.0 + 0.3 * (random.random() - 0.5) load_variation = 1.0 + 0.1 * (random.random() - 0.5) yearly_solar.append(daily_solar[hour] * season_factor * solar_variation) yearly_wind.append(daily_wind[hour] * wind_variation) yearly_thermal.append(daily_thermal[hour]) yearly_load.append(daily_load[hour] * (2.0 - season_factor) * load_variation) return yearly_solar, yearly_wind, yearly_thermal, yearly_load def main(): """主函数""" import sys # 检查命令行参数 if len(sys.argv) < 2: print_usage() return command = sys.argv[1] show_window = '--show' in sys.argv # 检查是否包含--show参数 display_only = '--display-only' in sys.argv # 检查是否只显示不保存 if command == '--yearly': print("生成8760小时全年数据...") solar_output, wind_output, thermal_output, load_demand = generate_yearly_data() print(f"数据长度: {len(solar_output)} 小时") elif command == '--excel': if len(sys.argv) < 3: print("错误:请指定Excel文件路径") print("用法:python main.py --excel <文件路径>") return excel_file = sys.argv[2] print(f"从Excel文件读取数据:{excel_file}") try: data = read_excel_data(excel_file, include_parameters=True) solar_output = data['solar_output'] wind_output = data['wind_output'] thermal_output = data['thermal_output'] load_demand = data['load_demand'] print(f"成功读取{data['data_type']}小时数据") print(f"原始数据长度:{data['original_length']}小时") print(f"处理后数据长度:{len(solar_output)}小时") # 使用Excel中的系统参数 if 'system_parameters' in data: params = data['system_parameters'] print("\n使用Excel中的系统参数:") print(f" 最大弃风率: {params.max_curtailment_wind}") print(f" 最大弃光率: {params.max_curtailment_solar}") print(f" 最大上网电量比例: {params.max_grid_ratio}") print(f" 储能效率: {params.storage_efficiency}") print(f" 放电倍率: {params.discharge_rate}") print(f" 充电倍率: {params.charge_rate}") print(f" 最大储能容量: {params.max_storage_capacity}") else: print("\n警告:未找到系统参数,使用默认参数") params = SystemParameters( max_curtailment_wind=0.1, max_curtailment_solar=0.1, max_grid_ratio=0.2, storage_efficiency=0.9, discharge_rate=1.0, charge_rate=1.0 ) # 显示数据统计 stats = analyze_excel_data(excel_file) if stats: print("\n数据统计:") print(f" 总发电量: {stats['total_generation']:.2f} MW") print(f" 总负荷: {stats['total_load']:.2f} MW") print(f" 最大光伏出力: {stats['max_solar']:.2f} MW") print(f" 最大风电出力: {stats['max_wind']:.2f} MW") print(f" 最大负荷: {stats['max_load']:.2f} MW") except Exception as e: print(f"读取Excel文件失败:{str(e)}") return elif command == '--create-template': template_type = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "8760" template_file = f"data_template_{template_type}.xlsx" print(f"创建{template_type}小时Excel模板:{template_file}") create_excel_template(template_file, template_type) return else: print("使用24小时示例数据...") # 示例数据 solar_output = [0.0] * 6 + [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0] + [0.0] * 6 wind_output = [2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0] * 4 thermal_output = [5.0] * 24 load_demand = [3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 14.0, 16.0, 18.0, 20.0, 18.0, 16.0, 14.0, 12.0, 10.0, 8.0, 6.0, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0, 2.0] # 使用默认系统参数 params = SystemParameters( max_curtailment_wind=0.1, max_curtailment_solar=0.1, max_grid_ratio=0.2, storage_efficiency=0.9, discharge_rate=1.0, charge_rate=1.0 ) # 对于 --yearly 参数,也需要设置默认参数 if command == '--yearly': params = SystemParameters( max_curtailment_wind=0.1, max_curtailment_solar=0.1, max_grid_ratio=0.2, storage_efficiency=0.9, discharge_rate=1.0, charge_rate=1.0 ) # 显示当前使用的系统参数 print("\n=== 当前使用的系统参数 ===") print(f"最大弃风率: {params.max_curtailment_wind}") print(f"最大弃光率: {params.max_curtailment_solar}") print(f"最大上网电量比例: {params.max_grid_ratio}") print(f"储能效率: {params.storage_efficiency}") print(f"放电倍率: {params.discharge_rate}") print(f"充电倍率: {params.charge_rate}") print(f"最大储能容量: {params.max_storage_capacity if params.max_storage_capacity is not None else '无限制'}") print("=" * 40) # 计算最优储能容量 print("正在计算最优储能容量...") result = optimize_storage_capacity( solar_output, wind_output, thermal_output, load_demand, params ) # 绘制曲线 print("正在绘制系统运行曲线...") plot_system_curves(solar_output, wind_output, thermal_output, load_demand, result, show_window, display_only) if display_only: print("\n正在显示图形窗口...") elif show_window: print("\n曲线图已保存为 'system_curves.png' 并显示图形窗口") else: print("\n曲线图已保存为 'system_curves.png'") def print_usage(): """打印使用说明""" print("多能互补系统储能容量优化程序") print("\n使用方法:") print(" python main.py --excel <文件路径> # 从Excel文件读取数据") print(" python main.py --yearly # 使用8760小时全年数据") print(" python main.py --create-template [类型] # 创建Excel模板(24或8760)") print(" python main.py # 使用24小时示例数据") print(" python main.py --show # 显示图形窗口(可与其他参数组合使用)") print(" python main.py --display-only # 只显示图形窗口,不保存文件") print("\n示例:") print(" python main.py --excel data.xlsx") print(" python main.py --excel data.xlsx --show") print(" python main.py --excel data.xlsx --display-only") print(" python main.py --create-template 8760") print(" python main.py --create-template 24") print(" python main.py --display-only # 使用示例数据并只显示图形窗口") if __name__ == "__main__": main()